Wednesday, January 13, 2016

MEJOFF vs. DIRECTOR OF PRISONS [G.R. No. L-4254; September 26, 1951]

Facts:

        The petitioner Boris Mejoff is an alien of Russian descent who was brought to this country from Shanghai as a secret operative by the Japanese forces during the latter's regime in the Philippines. Upon liberation, he was arrested as a Japanese spy by US Army Counter Intelligence Corps. The People's Court ordered his release but the Deportation Board taking his case found that having no travel documents, Mejoff was an illegal alien in this country and must referred the matter to the immigration authorities. After corresponding investigation, the Immigration Board of Commissioners declared that Mejoff entered the Philippine illegally and therefore must be deported on the first available transportation to Russia. The petitioner was then under custody. After repeated failures to ship this deportee abroad, the authorities moved him to Bilibid Prison at Muntinlupa where he has been confined up to the present time. Two years had elapsed but the Government has not found ways and means of removing the petitioner out of the country although it should be said in fairness to the deportation authorities that it was through no fault of theirs that no ship or country would take the petitioner.

Issue:

        Whether or not Mejoff should be released from prison pending his deportation.

Held:


          The Philippines adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights since it is a generally accepted principle of international law. It should be applied also to illegal aliens like Mejoff so that it would be a violation of the said international law to detain him for an unreasonable length of time since no vessel from his country is willing to take him. Considering that the Government desires to expel the alien and does not relish keeping him at the people's expense, we must presume it is making efforts to carry out the decree of exclusion by the highest officer of the land. On top of the presumption, assurances were made during the oral argument that the Government is really trying to expedite the expulsion of Mejoff. The petitioner can be released if there is a record shown that the deportee is being imprisoned under the pretense of awaiting a chance for deportation or unless the Government admit that it can not deport him or he is being held for too long a period our courts will not interfere. Article 2 of the Philippine Constitution states that, "The Philippines renounces war as instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations. The protection against deprivation of liberty without due process of law, and except for crimes committed against the laws of the land, is not limited to Philippine citizens but extends to all residents, except enemy aliens, regardless of nationality.

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